On the Energy Efficiency of Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Based on Hybrid Architecture

Peerapong Uthansakul,Arfat Ahmad Khan

doi:10.3390/en12112227

Peerapong Uthansakul, Arfat Ahmad Khan

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/en12112227

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Journal: Energies	Publication Date: Jun 11, 2019
Citations: 18	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Suranaree University of Technology

Abstract

Millimeter Wave (mmWave) Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) has been a promising candidate for the current and next generation of cellular networks. The hybrid analogue/digital precoding will be a crucial ingredient in the mmWave cellular systems to reduce the number of Radio Frequency (RF) chains along with the corresponding energy and power consumption of the systems. In this paper, we aim to improve the energy efficiency of mmWave Massive MIMO by using a combination of high dimension analogue precoder and low dimension digital precoder. The spectral efficiency and the corresponding transmitted and consumed power of the mmWave Massive MIMO is formulated by taking all the consumed power from the transmitting side to receiving end into account. We propose the Power Controlled Energy Maximization (PCEM) algorithm in this paper, and the proposed algorithm works by controlling the transmission power to balance the improved radiated energy efficiency and the increased power consumption for a given number of transceiver chains. The simulation and analytical results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the reference algorithms by maximizing the overall energy efficiency of the system without much complexity.

Highlights

The internet data traffic has been exponentially growing at a staggering rate, and the last couple of decades have witnessed the ever increasing demand for data rates, which in turn led to the congestion in the lower bands of electromagnetic spectrum [1,2,3]
We propose the Power Controlled Energy Maximization (PCEM) algorithm in this paper, and the proposed algorithm works by controlling the transmission power to balance the improved radiated energy efficiency and the increased power consumption for a given number of transceiver chains
We focus on the energy efficient design of the mmWave Massive Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) based on the hybrid approach

Summary

Introduction

The internet data traffic has been exponentially growing at a staggering rate, and the last couple of decades have witnessed the ever increasing demand for data rates, which in turn led to the congestion in the lower bands of electromagnetic spectrum [1,2,3]. A lot of spectrum sharing techniques have been proposed in order to overcome this congestion like the advanced channel coding [4], spread spectral techniques [5], cognitive radio communication [6], and the Massive Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) technologies [7], and even these techniques have somehow overcome the congestion problem, but they are not enough due to the ongoing and increasing gap between the supply and demand of data rate This situation has attracted researchers to explore the millimeter. The Massive MIMO brings to the theory of large antenna array with hundreds of antennae serving a comparatively less number of users [11,12,13], whereas the mmWave frequencies allow the dense packing of antenna elements due to the small wavelength of mmWave frequencies [14,15,16,17].

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