Abstract
A project to develop improved and practical procedures to measure thesurface temperature of diagnostic ultrasound transducers under normal useconditions has been carried out. The approach taken in the project was first toproduce tissue mimicking material and an experimental measurement set-up thatcould lead to reasonably accurate and reproducible values of surface temperaturerise. The relative influence of different tissue layers close to the surface has beenmodelled. Measurement results obtained using different types of thermocouples andusing an infrared camera system were compared. Typical transducer surfacetemperature rises on a layered physical model were compared to those obtained onhuman skin (forearm).The difference between the average temperature rises on a 1.5 mm silicone layeron a soft tissue mimic and on the human forearm was not more than 7%. However,the variation between transducers introduces an uncertainty around 23% (95%confidence) of the temperature rise ratio. If the output beam dimension is accountedfor as a (weak) factor of influence, the uncertainty is reduced to 19%. Forendocavity transducers there does not seem to be a strong argument for potting thetransducer in a tissue model.An example set-up for the measurement of externally used transducers has beenimplemented in the IEC 60601-2-37 1st Amendment. The material developed can beordered from TNO.
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