Abstract
Several applications of parametric sonars rely on utilizing nonlinear propagation of sound in marine sediments. Whereas it has been speculated that the nonlinearity coefficient for granular materials is expected to be relatively high, few measurements have been made to support the notion, nor has any theory been used to satisfactorily predict the parameter. Moreover, unlike fluids, the nonlinearity coefficient of granular materials does not follow from an equation of state, but is likely the composite effect of multiple mechanisms. Hence, we aim to compile a comprehensive set of measurements of the nonlinearity coefficient for a variety of sediments and conditions. This effort reports on the initial set of observations on unconsolidated quartz silica sands in water with grain sizes ranging from 0.05 to 1 mm, a variety of shapes (angular, sub-rounded, and rounded), and a variation in packing density. [This work was supported by ONR.]
Published Version
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