Abstract
With the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and extensive usage of information and communications technology (ICT) in decision-making, the mechanisms to control/optimize transmission and distribution grid voltage would experience a paradigm shift. Given the introduction of inverter-based DERs with vastly different dynamics, real-world performance characterization of the cyber-physical system (CPS) in terms of dynamical performance, scalability, robustness, and resiliency with the new control algorithms require precise classification and identification of suitable metrics. It has been identified that classical controller definitions, along with three inter-disciplinary domains, such as (i) power system, (ii) optimization, control, and decision-making, and (iii) networking and cyber-security, would provide a systematic basis for the development of an extended metric for performance evaluation of DER controllers; while providing the taxonomy. Majority of the control algorithms operate in multiple time scales, and therefore, algorithmic time-decomposition facilitates a new way of performance analysis. Extended discussion on communication requirements with the algorithmic architectural subtleties is expected to identify the real-world deployment challenges of voltage control/optimization algorithms in terms of presence of cyber vulnerabilities and associated mitigation mechanisms affecting the controller performance with DERs. Detailed discussion provided identifies the modeling requirements of the CPS for real-world deployment, specific to voltage control, facilitating the development of a unified test bed.
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