Abstract
There is a noticeable number of studies carried out on both the operational parameters of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the satellite signal itself. Researchers look for, inter alia, proven sources of errors affecting the integrity of the satellite signal because this parameter determines the approval of the system’s operational use. It also seems of key importance that the atmospheric conditions, in any area of satellite signal usage, should not be underestimated due to their extensive impact. As the ionospheric refraction seriously limits the operational use of the satellite navigation signal, in this article, the authors attempted to quantify the effect of solar activity (expressed by sunspots) on the signal integrity using fuzzy logic. Fuzzy reasoning is used when information is inaccurate or incomplete and necessitates making decisions under conditions of uncertainty. Thanks to fuzzy sets, there are no obstacles to characterize the degree of intensity of a given phenomenon. In order to look at the problem more broadly, attention was also paid to the tropospheric conditions, and it was verified whether, against the background of cloudiness, precipitation, humidity, pressure and temperature, solar activity affects the integrity to the greatest extent. The integrity measurements from the EGNOS system (PRN120 and PRN126) collected at the monitoring station in Warsaw, Poland in 2014 were used.
Highlights
An interest in satellite systems applicable to various engineering fields, especially to navigation, has been observed for a long time
The purpose of this article was to attempt to quantify the effect of solar activity and tropospheric parameters on the satellite navigation signal integrity using fuzzy logic
Attention was paid to other atmospheric conditions and, in this case, it was verified whether, against the background of cloudiness, precipitation, humidity, pressure and temperature, solar activity affects the integrity to the greatest extent
Summary
An interest in satellite systems applicable to various engineering fields, especially to navigation, has been observed for a long time. Navigation systems based on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) have their practical application in many areas, e.g., geodesy, transport, and robotics. It may be written that these systems have an unparalleled advantage in navigational technologies due to their high-precision delivery of location in terms of position, time, and velocity on any object or person all over the world. The wide application of satellite navigation can be found in transport, where it can be used both as object (vehicle) navigation, and with toll-collection systems on highways, parking-space monitoring systems, or as a vehicle fleet-management subsystem [2,3]. The sources of satellite navigation application should be sought in maritime transport, in which GNSS applications have been supporting for years the Automatic Identification System (AIS) [4]
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