On Specific Class of Cultural Phenomena Orthodox Culturology in the Time of Soviet Marxist Psychologists

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the perspective of Orthodox culturology of Soviet period – cultural and historical and active approach of Soviet psychology and culturology, as well as the attitude theory. The author resorts to the works of Soviet psychologists (L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, N.D. Uznadze, S.L. Rubinstein and others), culturologists and philosophers (E.V. Ilyenkov, E.S. Markaryan, M.S. Kagan and others), as well as Russian and American followers of cultural and historical psychology (E.Ya. Rezhabek, A.A. Filatova, M. Cole, J. Bruner and others). Special attention and paid to cognitive psychology and cultural neuroscience inasmuch as they are connected with cultural and historical psychology. The main emphasis is made on how various scientists choose the phenomena that can be defines as properly cultural. On the basis of the analysis of the concepts of Soviet psychologists and their American followers the author draws up the scheme of the cultural and the psychological co-relation that remains eclectic if one ignores the influence of the spiritual world on the cultural and psychological aspects.