Abstract
The residual modulation of galactic cosmic rays and its energy dependence have been investigated using data from three types of ground-based detectors and from PAMELA, AMS-02, Voyager 1, and Voyager 2 data. Quantitative estimates of the residual modulation in the range of rigidities of 4–41 GV were obtained. It was shown that the residual modulation is approximately the same in magnitude as the modulation due to the solar activity cycle that allows us to draw some conclusions about the modulation processes in the heliosphere. The energy spectrum of the residual modulation was obtained. A comparison was made with the results of other authors up to the Maunder epoch.
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