Abstract
The increase in world population and the decline in soil resources requires the increase in crop yields. Erosion and soil pollution are among the major threats to soil resources. With modern land use the rate of erosion exceeds the rate of soil formation. It is almost impossible to restore erosion soil loss. Soil pollution is a source of contaminated crop products and environment. In crop production innovative technologies are needed that must simultaneously solve three problems. The first problem is to ensure the necessary quantity and quality of crop products. The second problem is to preserve soil resources. The third one is to preserve the environment. In Russia, the increase in yields is mainly due to an increase in rates of mineral fertilizers, the use of plant protection tools and the use of varieties with a greater ability to utilize mineral fertilizers. In some regions of Russia, up to 70% of the arable land area is subject to water erosion of the soil. For the conditions of Russia, an analysis of the existing problems in assessing the long-term consequences of new technologies in crop production was carried out. Approaches have been proposed to solve some of the problems.
Highlights
The need to increase crop yields is associated with an increase in the world population and with a decrease in soil resources
Soil erosion is classified as major threat to soil resources [1]
In the modern production of crop products soil resources subject to erosion humans use as non-reproducible resources
Summary
The need to increase crop yields is associated with an increase in the world population and with a decrease in soil resources (with a decrease in their quantity and with a deterioration in their quality). The duration of the experiments is different, and the result is represented, for example, by average yield and economic indicators [5, 6]; yields, product quality and changes in soil properties [7]; estimated yield - yield trend and risk (probability) of obtaining yield less than the specified value [8]. 2.3 The problem of assessing the long-term impact of technology on soil resources Various field experiments, such as [10,11,12], are conducted to investigate these effects. Using sample (3), the mean for the area of the site is calculated as Xav. For sample (3), there is a problem of estimating absolute error ∆Xav for the average value Xav. In order to assess the validity of average values of soil indicators and the validity of their change over time, it is necessary to find a solution to this problem, similar to the solution for yield [9]. Humus layer for the period of observations 1970 -1980, cm Average rate of humus layer reduction over 200 years *, mm/year Duration of humus layer recovery for VIRGIN SOIL scenario, thousand years
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