Abstract
AbstractA discussion is presented of innovative change in aerodynamics, in which the transformation of practical transonic aerodynamics by computational fluid dynamics is taken as a case study for the lessons to be learnt. The study focuses on the historic breakthroughs of Emmons and Murman and Cole in the calculation of transonic flows, and on the exploitation of these at the Royal Aircraft Establishment to provide industry with a new, and highly successful, tool for practical transonic wing design. It reaffirms the view that a first prerequisite for innovation is the active presence of individuals with clear vision and a spirit of adventure. Further, innovative work will flourish only if the climate is favourable, no matter how exceptional the individuals may be. The discussion concludes with remarks on opportunities for innovation in the treatment of Shockwaves, turbulent shear layers and complex practical configurations.
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