On Independent Set on B1-EPG Graphs

Abstract

In this paper we consider the Maximum Independent Set problem (MIS) on \(B_1\)-EPG graphs. EPG (for Edge intersection graphs of Paths on a Grid) was introduced in [8] as the class of graphs whose vertices can be represented as simple paths on a rectangular grid so that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding paths share at least one edge of the underlying grid. The restricted class \(B_k\)-EPG denotes EPG-graphs where every path has at most k bends. The study of MIS on \(B_1\)-EPG graphs has been initiated in [6] where authors prove that MIS is NP-complete on \(B_1\)-EPG graphs, and provide a polynomial 4-approximation. In this article we study the approximability and the fixed parameter tractability of MIS on \(B_1\)-EPG. We show that there is no PTAS for MIS on \(B_1\)-EPG unless P\(=\)NP, even if there is only one shape of path, and even if each path has its vertical part or its horizontal part of length at most 3. This is optimal, as we show that if all paths have their horizontal part bounded by a constant, then MIS admits a PTAS. Finally, we show that MIS is FPT in the standard parameterization on \(B_1\)-EPG restricted to only three shapes of path, and \(W_1\)-hard on \(B_2\)-EPG. The status for general \(B_1\)-EPG (with the four shapes) is left open.