Abstract

Recently it was shown that the area A and the angular momentum J of any apparent horizon on a maximal, axisymmetric and asymptotically flat Cauchy hyper-surface of a vacuum space-time satisfy necessarily the universal inequality A ⩾ 8π|J|. We show here that the equality A = 8π|J| is never attained. We study too the global structure of data sets having surfaces with A = 8π|J|. This lead us to prove the rigidity of the extreme Kerr-throats and to investigate the important phenomenon of formation of extreme Kerr-throats along sequences of data sets.

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