On a Leray–α model of turbulence

Abstract

In this paper we introduce and study a new model for three–dimensional turbulence, the Leray– α model. This model is inspired by the Lagrangian averaged Navier–Stokes– α model of turbulence (also known Navier–Stokes– α model or the viscous Camassa–Holm equations). As in the case of the Lagrangian averaged Navier–Stokes– α model, the Leray– α model compares successfully with empirical data from turbulent channel and pipe flows, for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. We establish here an upper bound for the dimension of the global attractor (the number of degrees of freedom) of the Leray– α model of the order of ( L / l d ) 12/7 , where L is the size of the domain and l d is the dissipation length–scale. This upper bound is much smaller than what one would expect for three–dimensional models, i.e. ( L / l d ) 3 . This remarkable result suggests that the Leray– α model has a great potential to become a good sub–grid–scale large–eddy simulation model of turbulence. We support this observation by studying, analytically and computationally, the energy spectrum and show that in addition to the usual k −5/3 Kolmogorov power law the inertial range has a steeper power–law spectrum for wavenumbers larger than 1/ α . Finally, we propose a Prandtl–like boundary–layer model, induced by the Leray– α model, and show a very good agreement of this model with empirical data for turbulent boundary layers.