Abstract
In livestock, fertility is an important economic trait that depends on the genetic merit of the animals. One of the biggest challenges in livestock species is enhancing reproductive effectiveness based on genetic excellence. Recent advancement in the ‘omics’ approaches provide a powerful tool for understanding the genetic and molecular basis of fertility-related traits in livestock. Till date, some important fertility related genomic (ETNK1, PSEN1, USH2A, DMXL1, IGF1R), transcriptomic (PRM 1, PRM2, EFNA1, MAP2K6, IGF2, miR-17-5p), proteomic (Tektin, Annexin A5, Calmodulin, Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 4) and metabolomic (Taurine, Azelaic acid, OxPhos, L-cysteine) biomarker have been identified in different livestock species. Identifying the suitable candidate genes, proteins, and metabolites associated with fertility related traits can be utilized for the development of new breeding strategies and management practices to improve reproductive efficiency and increase productivity in livestock production systems. This review is an effort to summarize and highlight some important male fertility related biomarkers in different livestock species and provide the useful insight for researchers working in field of livestock reproduction and breeding.
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