Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by inflammatory and metabolic alterations, which lead to massive cytokine production, oxidative stress and organ dysfunction. In severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome, plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are increased. Several NEFA are deleterious to cells, activate Toll-like receptors and inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase, causing lung injury. A Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil is beneficial. The main component of olive oil is omega-9 oleic acid (OA), a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). We analyzed the effect of OA supplementation on sepsis. OA ameliorated clinical symptoms, increased the survival rate, prevented liver and kidney injury and decreased NEFA plasma levels in mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). OA did not alter food intake and weight gain but diminished reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NEFA plasma levels. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (CPT1A) mRNA levels were increased, while uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) liver expression was enhanced in mice treated with OA. OA also inhibited the decrease in 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression and increased the enzyme expression in the liver of OA-treated mice compared to septic animals. We showed that OA pretreatment decreased NEFA concentration and increased CPT1A and UCP2 and AMPK levels, decreasing ROS production. We suggest that OA has a beneficial role in sepsis by decreasing metabolic dysfunction, supporting the benefits of diets high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA).
Highlights
Sepsis is a medical condition caused by severe infection that involves systemic inflammation [1] and metabolic changes [2], resulting in multiple organ failure (MOF) and high morbidity and mortality [3].PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0153607 April 14, 2016Oleic Acid Induces Fatty Acid Oxidation and Protects Septic Mice data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
As the ratio of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA)/albumin is important for the prognosis of the disease [9], we showed that oleic acid (OA) treatment decreased the ratio, which is associated with a favorable prognosis (Fig 4D)
The Mediterranean diet has been associated with increased longevity, improved overall health, and reduced incidence and mortality of cancer and of other chronic diseases
Summary
Sepsis is a medical condition caused by severe infection that involves systemic inflammation [1] and metabolic changes [2], resulting in multiple organ failure (MOF) and high morbidity and mortality [3].PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0153607 April 14, 2016Oleic Acid Induces Fatty Acid Oxidation and Protects Septic Mice data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Sepsis is a medical condition caused by severe infection that involves systemic inflammation [1] and metabolic changes [2], resulting in multiple organ failure (MOF) and high morbidity and mortality [3]. Oleic Acid Induces Fatty Acid Oxidation and Protects Septic Mice data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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