Omega 3 and Azadirachta Indica J. Seed Oil Inhibit Hemoglobin Polymerization and Modulate Erythrocyte Membrane Atpases in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Abstract

Back ground: Functional foods/Nutraceuticals efficacy depends on both its composition and the physicochemical properties of the components that used in their formulation. Vegetable oil can play an important role. Several studies are shown that omega 3 (0.2%) and Azadirachta indica J. seed oil (0.4%) have antisickling, antioxidant and anti-haemolytic properties. Objective: The purpose of this present study was conducted to determine effects of omega 3 and Azadirachta indica J. seed oil on hemoglobin polymerization and erythrocyte membrane ATPases in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Method: The ability for the omega 3 and Azadirachta indica J. seed oil to inhibit sickle cell hemoglobin polymerization and improve the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio of HbS blood were assed using spectroscopic method. The activities of three ATPases (Na+/K+; Ca2+; and Mg2+-ATPases ) were investigated by the kinetic method following the release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) by ATP taking into account the determination of the total membrane proteins of erythrocytes by Bradford’s method. Results: The lowest potential was obtained with Azadirachta indica J. seed oil (AO: 0.4% v/v) corresponding significantly (p <0.05) to the highest potential of inhibition of polymerization (83.11 ± 8%) compared to that obtained with omega 3 (ω3 0.2% v/v) estimated at 68.15±7%. The greatest Fe2+Fe3+ ratio was obtained (6.65±1.68) with AO (0.4% v/v) corresponding significantly (p <0.05) to the greatest rate of increase of oxyhemoglobin (79.05±3%) compared to that obtained with ω3 (0.2% v/v) estimated at 70.58±5%. As for the activities of Na+/K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+-ATPases expressed in μmole Pi/mg protein/hour x 10-3, there was an increase in the activities of Na+/K+ and Ca2+-ATPases (203.82±41 and 190.48±32) with AO (0.4% v/v), but without any significant difference (p>0.05) compared to those obtained with ω3 (0.2% v/v) (188.66±9 and 235.61±52). However, for Mg2+-ATPase, there was rather a significant decrease (p <0.05) in these activities ranging from 181.9±32 for ω3 (0.2% v/v) to 124.00±21 for AO (0.4% v/v). Conclusion: The Azadirachta indica J. seed oil at a concentration of 0.4% v/v offered the best potential inhibition of hemoglobin S polymerization, oxyhemoglobin increase rate and the best ATPastic activities. Keywords: Omega 3 - Azadirachta indica J. seed oil - sickle cell disease - polymerization - Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio - ATPase activities.