Oluşum Sebepleri, Verdiği Zararlar ve Alınan Önlemler Bağlamında Samsun - Atakum Sel ve Taşkınları

Abstract

Urban Geography is one of the sub-disciplines of human geography. Subject; These are the economic, social, cultural and environmental relations within the context of human-environment relations with the conditions of establishment place and development dynamics of cities in the context of urban and urbanization. Number of Cities in developing countries such as Turkey and the amount of population living in cities continues to increase. One of the most important problems encountered in this rapid urbanization process is; unplanned and uncontrolled growth of cities in a horizontal direction, in a way to cover very large areas and against the natural areas around them. While agricultural areas become lands during this spreading, natural surfaces are covered with concrete, vegetation is destroyed, the coasts are filled, river beds are opened to housing. One of the reasons for the floods and floods that have occurred in urban areas in recent years, and sometimes causing significant loss of life and property, is these unplanned developments that do not take into account the physical geography conditions. One of the cities where this situation is experienced is Samsun. In the research, the flood and overflow disasters that Samsun encountered during the growth of the city and especially its spreading in the direction of Atakum were emphasized. The causes and consequences of this have been tried to be explained within the framework of the principles of City Geography. In the study, firstly, the natural environment characteristics of Atakum and the relations of rapid urbanization and spatial spreading are emphasized. Secondly; The degradation process of the natural environment and the damages caused by the relationship of this process with the flood and overflow disasters that occurred in Atakum are discussed. Third and lastly, Samsun Metropolitan Municipality's engineering studies in risky areas are included in order to avoid similar situations in future floods. These studies; making visible old stream beds, including streams in open channels and consists of flood traps built on the beds of the streams before they enter the city. How useful the measures taken will be in the future is open to discussion. In the research, ASTER satellite images with 15 m terrestrial resolution were used with ArcGIS.10 software and the digital elevation model (DEM) map of the site was produced. Written and visual information including the damages caused by the streams until today was compiled, and the research was concluded by making backward comparisons from the most recent.