Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient that plays a vital role in cell proliferation and metabolism and is required in highest amounts among micronutrients. The uptake of Fe involves the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ before uptake through the plasma membrane. Fe is also a Fenton active metal and is responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Fe uptake in animals is associated with digestive difficulties and in all organisms, with ROS generation. In the present study, we have used yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to test the delivery of Fe as Oleic Acid coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (OA-MION) and investigated the accompanying changes in membrane phenomena and ROS levels. Our study strongly indicates that up to a reasonably high concentration of 20 μg/ml OA-MION do not alter cell viability. OA-MION treated yeast cells exhibit unaltered morphology indicating low or no interaction of Fe nanoparticles with cell-wall components, possibly due to oleic acid coating. OA-MION treatment stimulated transplasma membrane electron transport, total ROS production, and H+ extrusion measured as a rise in intracellular pH, in a strictly concentration-dependent manner. The higher ROS, however, does not impact cellular viability and could be due to higher metabolic rates. Overall, the study proposes OA-MION as a vector of choice for the delivery of iron into cells.
Published Version
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