Abstract
ObjectivesAlthough research has found that childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with physical and mental health in mid- and later life, most of these studies used conventional, single dimension SES measures for the childhood period such as household income or educational attainment of parents. Life course and health disparities research would benefit from identification and measurement of a variety of childhood social and economic experiences and opportunities that might affect health in later life.DesignThis study utilized qualitative research methods to identify key dimensions of childhood experiences related to SES. We conducted in-depth interviews with 25 adults age 55 to 80 years from diverse economic and ethnic backgrounds. Topics included home, neighborhood, school, and work experiences during early childhood and adolescence. Interviews were audio-taped and transcripts were coded to identify thematic domains.ResultsWe identified eight thematic domains, many of which had clear subdomains: home and family circumstances, neighborhood, work and money, potential for advancement through schooling, school quality and content, discrimination, influence and support of adults, and leisure activities. These domains highlight individual characteristics and experiences and also economic and educational opportunities.ConclusionThese domains of childhood social and economic circumstances add breadth and depth to conventional conceptualization of childhood SES. When the domains are translated into a measurement tool, it will allow for the possibility of classifying people along multiple dimensions, such as from a low economic circumstance with high levels of adult support.
Highlights
Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important correlate of health with consistent descriptive reports that people in higher socioeconomic status (SES) categories have lower risk for morbidity and mortality than people in lower SES categories [1,2]
When the domains are translated into a measurement tool, it will allow for the possibility of classifying people along multiple dimensions, such as from a low economic circumstance with high levels of adult support
It has been found to be associated with myocardial infarction,[9] cardiovascular disease,[10] adult mortality risk, [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] cardiovascular mortality, [20,21] and cardiovascular risk factors[22,23] These studies establish a connection between childhood SES and health in middle age and older age
Summary
Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important correlate of health with consistent descriptive reports that people in higher SES categories have lower risk for morbidity and mortality than people in lower SES categories [1,2]. Researchers suggest that economic circumstances, social status, social capital, and human capital are possible mechanisms that connect SES to health [3,4,5]. Life course perspectives are gaining recognition in epidemiologic and aging research, as studies report associations between childhood circumstances and health in later life. It has been found to be associated with myocardial infarction,[9] cardiovascular disease,[10] adult mortality risk, [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] cardiovascular mortality, [20,21] and cardiovascular risk factors[22,23] These studies establish a connection between childhood SES and health in middle age and older age
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