Abstract
Fragility in governance and armed conflict are directly linked and are the causes and consequence of each other. This study aimed to understand pre and during conflict scenarios of fragile governance in Swat. This research used qualitative research design and conducted in depth interviews from multiple stakeholders ranging from government officials to men and women in the community. The results showed that weak legislation and legal plurality led to the fragility in governance that later on transformed into armed conflict. The findings reveal that the fragile administrative governance was the root cause in the initiation of armed insurgency in Swat.
Highlights
According to Country policies and institutions performance assessment (CPIA1) conducted by World Bank (2005a) illustrated that states with low level of governance and weak institutions are termed as fragile states
Good governance has contributed in reduction of armed conflicts
Other causes of armed conflict or insurgency in Swat may never be neglected but it is significant that main driver behind the initiation of armed conflict in the form of insurgency and militancy was the persistent weakness and fragility in the administrative governance
Summary
According to Country policies and institutions performance assessment (CPIA1) conducted by World Bank (2005a) illustrated that states with low level of governance and weak institutions are termed as fragile states. Majority of these states have recently been affected by an armed conflict. States having weak and frail policies, governance and institutions face issues of corruption, risk of armed violence and less stable political culture i.e. 21 out of 26 states facing civil violence and conflicts during 1992−2002 were LICUS (low income countries under stress) (World Bank, 2005b). Regions directly and recently affected by serious armed conflicts have been politically fragile and prone to instability (Marshall, 2008)
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