Abstract
This study investigated oil palm inflorescence sex ratio (ISR) and fruit set (FS) yield among 24 dura × pisifera biparental progenies on fibric peat soil, hybridized from ten genetic origins. Three-month intervals of data collection on ISR and “S-shape” procedure for FS determination were carried out in an independent complete randomized design for one year. Based on the assessment of individual progenies, analysis of variance revealed the existence of genetic heterogeneity. Five of the progenies had the highest ISR above 90%. However, 20.83% of the progenies (PK4841, PK4674, ECPHP415, ECPHP550, and PK4118) had the best normal range of ISR, indicating FS declined being influenced by ISR. Therefore, only 12.50% of the progenies (PK4674, PK4465, and PK4482) were above 60% FS critical level. Correlation analysis verified that ISR depends on the female flower and progeny PK4674 (65.78%) and PK4465 (62.62%) had the best FS and fruit to bunch. Among the parental origins, Deli Serdang × Cameroon was statistically the best for male flower production at 29.40% and ISR at 72.22%. The highest FS was recorded in Deli Banting × AVROS (54.00%) and Angola × AVROS (53.78%). However, molecular research, such as microsatellite molecular markers if concurrently used as a selection criterion with the present conventional study, could present further details to complement the present findings.
Highlights
Elaeis guineensis Jacq (African oil palm) is mostly found along the coast of its native land including Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Tanzania, Ivory Coast, Angola, and Guinea Bissau [1]
The significant differences among the progenies showed a substantial quantity of genetic variations, which can be further exploited for future oil palm breeding programs
This study showed that there were differences among the oil palm dura × pisifera progenies in their yield performance for inflorescence sex ratio and fruit set with a yield decline in fruit set
Summary
Elaeis guineensis Jacq (African oil palm) is mostly found along the coast of its native land including Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Tanzania, Ivory Coast, Angola, and Guinea Bissau [1]. Oil palm is the highest oil-producing crop among all oilseed crops, which accounted for over 40% of total edible oil production [2]. In Malaysia, African oil palm is considered as the backbone of the oil palm industry. It is nicknamed as “a gift of nature,” and its oil is called “the Golden Oil” [3]. In Ghana, oil palm is a major economic crop that accounts for more than 75 percent of its export revenue and will remain one of the leading contributors for years to come [4]. Oil palm has changed from a survival cropping system to pure commercial production due to its importance to the growing populations of African and Southeast Asia countries. Oil palm alone accounts for 19.04 million hectares (ha) of total cultivated area (0.36% agricultural land) worldwide [5]; the palm oil and kernel oil contribute approximately one-third (34%)
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