Abstract
This research was conducted to study the performance of biparental dura × pisifera (D × P) progenies and their parental genetic origins on fruit set and yield components. Twenty-four D × P progenies developed from 10 genetic origins were used for this study. Analysis of variance showed that there was genetic variability based on the evaluation of individual progenies. Deli Ulu Remis × Nigeria of progeny ECPHP500 recorded the highest bunch number (22.91), and fresh fruit bunch (184.62 kg palm−1 year−1) and Deli Banting dura × AVROS pisifera (ECPHP550) had the highest average bunch weight (10.36 kg bunch−1 year−1). Progenies PK4674 (61.12%) and PK4465 (60.93%) had the highest fruit set, and the highest oil yield of 52.66 kg bunch−1 was noticed by progeny PK4674. Estimation of variance components, coefficients of variation, heritability, and genetic gain were calculated to establish the genetic variability. To validate the genetic disparity among the progenies, an unweighted pair-group procedure with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component was employed based on their quantitative traits. Through the UPGMA and principal component, the 24 progenies were clustered into 7 clusters, whereas cluster V had the highest fruit set (60.62%) and cluster IV had the highest oil yield (43.71 kg palm−1 year−1). For oil palm tissue culture and breeding programs, progeny PK4674 will be more useful for developing planting materials of high oil yielding with stable performance. However, we recommend that future studies incorporate molecular studies with conventional breeding.
Highlights
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the highest oil-producing crop and the most important source of vegetable oil among 17 major oil- and fat-producing crops in international trade
Genetic dissimilarities are known to be substantial in oil palm breeding programs since genetic variations aid as a basis for new genes to broaden the oil palm narrow genetic base when introgressed
The results indicated that oil to bunch (OTB) had a highly significant and positive relationship with mesocarp to fruit (MTF) (r = 0.65 p
Summary
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the highest oil-producing crop and the most important source of vegetable oil among 17 major oil- and fat-producing crops in international trade. Oil palm is the highest oil-producing crop among cultivated oilseed crops efficiently producing a sufficient amount. The shell thickness has a significant influence on the oil content and with teneras in bunches having 30% more mesocarp and 30% higher oil content than duras [4]. Due to their higher oil yields, tenera palms are selected [1], which are derivatives from the crosses of dura × pisifera
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