Abstract
Our aim was to estimate the difference in birthweight and in placental weight in pregnancies with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes compared with pregnancies without diabetes. By using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway during the years 2009-2017, we included 319076singleton pregnancies with delivery after the 21st week of pregnancy. We used linear regression analyses to estimate the difference in birthweight and in placental weight in grams (g) in pregnancies with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes, using pregnancies without diabetes as the reference. Adjustments were made for pregnancy duration and pre-pregnancy body mass index. In pregnancies without diabetes, mean crude birthweight was 3527g (SD 552g). The adjusted mean birthweight was 525g (95% CI 502-548g) higher in pregnancies with type 1 diabetes compared with pregnancies without diabetes. In pregnancies with type 2 diabetes, and pregnancies with gestational diabetes, birthweights were 192g (95% CI 160-223g) and 102g (95% CI 93-110g) higher, respectively. Mean crude placental weight was 664g (SD 147g) in pregnancies without diabetes. Compared with pregnancies without diabetes, the adjusted mean placental weight was 109g (95% CI 101-116g) higher in pregnancies with type 1 diabetes, 50g (95% CI 39-60g) higher in pregnancies with type 2 diabetes, and 31g (95% CI 28-34g) higher in pregnancies with gestational diabetes. The increase in birthweight and in placental weight associated with maternal diabetes was most pronounced for type 1 diabetes, followed by type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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