Off-Grid Rural Electrification in India Using Renewable Energy Resources and Different Battery Technologies with a Dynamic Differential Annealed Optimization

Zbigniew Leonowicz,Michal Jasinski,Vishnu Suresh,Polamarasetty P Kumar

doi:10.3390/en14185866

Zbigniew Leonowicz, Michal Jasinski

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185866

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Abstract

Several families in India live in remote places with no access to grid-connected power supply due to their remoteness. The study area chosen from the Indian state of Odisha does not have an electrical power supply due to its distant location. As a result, this study analyzed the electrification process using Renewable Energy (RE) resources available in the locality. However, these RE resources are limited by their dependency on weather conditions and time. So, a robust battery storage system is needed for a continuous power supply. Hence, the Nickel Iron (Ni-Fe), Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) and Lead Acid (LA) battery technologies have been analyzed to identify a battery technology that is both technologically and economically viable. Using the available RE resources in the study area, such as photovoltaic and biomass energy resources, as well as the various battery technologies, three configurations have been modelled, such as Photovoltaic Panels (PVP)/Biomass Generator(BIOMG)/BATTERY(Ni-Fe), PV/BIOMG/BATTERY(Li-Ion) and PVP/BMG/BATTERY(LA). These three configurations have been examined using nine prominent metaheuristic algorithms, in which the PVP/BIOMG/BATTERY(Ni-Fe) configuration provided the optimal Life Cycle Cost value of 367,586 USD. Among the all metaheuristic algorithms, the dynamic differential annealed optimization algorithm was given the best Life Cycle Cost values for all of the three configurations.

Highlights

Published: 16 September 2021Despite the fact that freshwater and energy are essential for human survival, existing and future energy and freshwater demands are having a significant impact on the earth.Renewable Energy (RE) resources play a critical role in addressing these concerns
The fundamental disadvantage of RE resources is their inherent nature, as well as their energy production depends on the metrological conditions in the chosen location
Three different types of battery technologies have been proposed in this study to provide a continuous power supply in order to select a battery technology that is technologically and economically feasible for the study area

Summary

Introduction

Renewable Energy (RE) resources play a critical role in addressing these concerns. This is especially true in rural and distant areas where the grid expansion is neither feasible nor cost-effective. A suitable battery storage system is needed for power supply continuity. While the larger system is more expensive and produces more energy, the smaller system is incapable of meeting the required load demands, resulting in a power supply shortage. To overcome these challenges and fully utilize the benefits of an off-grid microgrid built with RE sources, an Energy Management

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