Abstract
To determine if off-saturation ratio (OSR) measured with the ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) sequence could differentiate between tendons under different states of tensile load and to compare these changes between normal versus degenerated tendons. Fourteen tendons were imaged at 3 Tesla before and during the application of 0.5-1 kg tension. A two-dimensional (2D) -UTE-MT sequence with 1.5, 3, and 5 kHz frequency offsets was used on nine tendons and a 3D-UTE-MT sequence with 1.5 kHz frequency offset was used on five tendons. OSR was calculated and compared for each condition. Histologic correlation was performed using light microscopy. In general, OSR increased after the application of tension. Mean increase of 2D OSR was 0.035 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.013-0.056) at 1.5 kHz offset (P < 0.01), 0.031 (95% CI, 0.023-0.040) at 3 kHz offset (P < 0.01), and 0.013 (95% CI, -0.013-0.027) at 5 kHz offset (P = 0.07) from pre- to posttension states. Mean increase of 3D OSR was 0.026 (95% CI, 0.008-0.044) at a 1.5 kHz offset (P = 0.02) from pre- to posttension states. Mean decrease of 2D OSR at 1.5 kHz offset was 0.074-0.087 when comparing normal versus degenerated tendons (P < 0.01). OSR as measured with 2D or 3D UTE-MT sequences can detect the changes in hydration seen when tendons are placed under two different states of tensile load, but these changes are smaller than those encountered when comparing between normal versus pathologic tendons. Lower off-resonance saturation frequencies (3 kHz or less) are more sensitive to these changes than higher off-resonance saturation frequencies.
Highlights
To determine if off-saturation ratio (OSR) measured with the ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) sequence could differentiate between tendons under different states of tensile load and to compare these changes between normal versus degenerated tendons
OSR as measured with 2D or 3D Ultrashort echo time (UTE)-MT sequences can detect the changes in hydration seen when tendons are placed under two different states of tensile load, but these changes are smaller than those encountered when comparing between normal versus pathologic tendons
OSR increased after the application of tension (Figs. 4–6), with statistically significant differences between the pretension and posttension conditions found using the 2D-UTE-MT sequence with 1.5 and 3 kHz frequency offset saturation pulses (P 5 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively) as well as the 3D-UTE-MT sequence with a 1.5 kHz frequency offset saturation pulse (P 5 0.017)
Summary
To determine if off-saturation ratio (OSR) measured with the ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) sequence could differentiate between tendons under different states of tensile load and to compare these changes between normal versus degenerated tendons. Mean increase of 3D OSR was 0.026 (95% CI, 0.008–0.044) at a 1.5 kHz offset (P 5 0.02) from pre- to posttension states. Mean decrease of 2D OSR at 1.5 kHz offset was 0.074–0.087 when comparing normal versus degenerated tendons (P < 0.01). Conclusion: OSR as measured with 2D or 3D UTE-MT sequences can detect the changes in hydration seen when tendons are placed under two different states of tensile load, but these changes are smaller than those encountered when comparing between normal versus pathologic tendons. Lower off-resonance saturation frequencies (3 kHz or less) are more sensitive to these changes than higher off-resonance saturation frequencies
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