Odontogenic stem cells and their prospects in practical use (literature review)

Abstract

Objective. To analyze the latest literature data on the possibilities of using stem cells of odontogenic origin in the practice of regenerative medicine.Material and methods. The bibliosemantic method was applied, and the structural-logical analysis of the received data was carried out. Electronic databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE were used for modern scientific literature searching by keywords «regenerative medicine», «regenerative dentistry», «dental mesenchymal stem cells», «stem cell therapy», «dental pulp stem cells».Results. Stem cells derived from the maxillofacial area differ in origin, differential activity and obtaining source. These cell populations have significant potential for cell line differentiation. It is possible to establish their origin by identifying the expression of stem cell markers during the process of receiving a new pure culture. Scientific research in the field of regenerative medicine has shown that the use of stem cells for therapeutic purposes has a positive therapeutic effect on the illnesses of the gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system, and dental diseases of various etiologies. However, further studies of the possibilities to use these cells during the stages of clinical trials remain relevant.Conclusions. To sum up, based on the literature’s analysis, there is a significant interest in scientific and practical medicine for stem cells of odontogenic origin because there are perspectives for their use both in dentistry and in other branches of medicine.