The future in dental medicine: Dental stem cells are a promising source for tooth and tissue engineering

Abstract

Since the discovery of dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), there has been an extensive amount of research into their proliferating capabilities. DMSCs are extracted from exfoliated deciduous teeth, wisdom teeth, postnatal teeth, the periodontium, and alveolar bone. DMSCs have been shown to heal periodontal diseases and improve bone augmentation. DMSCs are accessible to all dentists. These qualities make DMSCs a promising source for tooth regeneration. There are numerous studies discussed in this article that offer encouraging evidence for the development of dental tissue regeneration. Eight different DMSC types are classified in this review: Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs), Stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHEDs), Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs), Dental Follicle Stem Cells (DFSCs), Stem Cells from the Dental Apical Papilla (SCAPs) Alveolar Bone–Derived MSCs (ABMSCs), Tooth Germ Progenitor cells (TGPCs), and Gingival MSCs (GMSCs), respectively. The discovery of DMSCs for regenerative medicine has attracted a profound amount of research. Additional clinical experimentation is required to test their medical and dental practicalities. This article is a review of the characterization, isolation, and the literature of previous studies on dental stem cell capabilities in regenerative medicine and their clinical applications for future dental practitioners.