Ocupações domésticas no Brasil: uma análise a partir do conceito de Trabalho Decente

Abstract

The concept of Decent Work is based on the notion of work as a powerful way of social inclusion, indispensable for overcoming poverty and guaranteeing access to a dignified life. The reality of domestic work differs from this concept because it presents elements that detract from working conditions, such as low wages, high informality and low social security protection. Given this situation, the objective of the present research is to analyze the evolution of the Decent Work deficit in domestic occupations in Brazil during the period from 2012 to 2018, through the construction of a representative indicator of this deficit. The methodology is based on the principles of Factor Analysis by Main Components, which allows the obtaining of representative factors of an original set of interdependent variables that comprise secondary data obtained through the Continuous PNAD ( national survey by household sample) database, namely: rate of black or brown housekeepers, rate of informality, rate of exclusion from social security, rate of housekeepers who received up to one minimum wage, rate of housekeepers working up to 14 hours/week, rate of housekeepers who stay less than one year in the position, and rate of underemployment due to insufficient hours worked. It was found that the deficit behavior may be associated with the economic performance of the period and that the highest rates are concentrated in the North and Northeast regions.