Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound and lasting consequences since 2019. Although vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed and approved under emergency use authorization, various adverse events have also been reported after COVID-19 vaccination. This review was undertaken to help clinicians recognize the possible manifestations and systemic pathogenesis, especially those related to the eye, after receiving COVID-19 vaccination. A systemic search was performed on 22 August 2021 through Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library for publications on ocular manifestations after COVID-19 vaccination. Two case-control studies/retrospective cohort studies, one cross-sectional study, three case series, sixteen case reports, two images, and seven letters were included. Ocular manifestations after receiving COVID-19 vaccines may appear on the eyelid, cornea and ocular surface, retina, uvea, nerve, and vessel. The ocular manifestations occurred up to forty-two days after vaccination, and vaccine-induced immunologic responses may be responsible. Although the incidence rate of ocular symptoms is considerably lower in the vaccinated subjects than in COVID-19 patients, physicians should be aware of the possible associations between COVID-19 vaccines and ocular symptoms for the early diagnosis and treatment of vision problems or life-threatening complications.
Highlights
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulted in an unprecedented pandemic worldwide
We aimed to review all reported ocular side effects of the available COVID-19 vaccines
The reviewed studies raised our concern for the ocular manifestations after COVID-19 vaccination
Summary
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulted in an unprecedented pandemic worldwide. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration have approved emergency use authorization for several COVID-19 vaccines before the completion of their clinical trials. EMA has approved four vaccines that are protective against SARS-CoV-2 [1,2]. BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech, Mainz, Germany) [3] and mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA) [4] belong to the category of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, while ChAdO×1 (University of Oxford/AstraZeneca, Oxford, UK) [5] and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson/Janssen, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) [6] belong to the category of adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccines. Several adverse events, including ocular manifestations, have been reported after vaccination. We aimed to review all reported ocular side effects of the available COVID-19 vaccines
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