Abstract

Ocular drug delivery is one of the most challenging delivery tasks faced by Pharmaceutical researchers. Major barriers in ocular medication are the ability to maintain a therapeutic level of the drug at the site of action for a sustained duration. The ophthalmic preparations are available as sterile, buffered, isotonic solution. Various types of dosage forms are applied as the delivery system for the ocular delivery of drugs. The most prescribed dosage form is the eye drop solution as drops are easier to administer. Suspensions, gelled systems, ointment are also used for prolonged therapeutic action. Evaluation of ophthalmic preparations should be non-irritating to the ocular tissue. Homogenous i.e., particles uniformly dispersed, smooth, free from lumps and agglomerates. It should not cause blurred vision. Also it should not cause intolerable foreign body sensation. The formulation will be Sterile and adequately preserved or physically and chemically stable. New ocular drug delivery systems: Using eye drops to administer drugs needs frequent application. Prolonged drug release can be achieved using ophthalmic inserts, solid devices placed in the eye, but the inserts must then be removed when they are no longer needed. Different new drug delivery systems which are designed in such a way that they release the drug at predetermined and predictable rates thus eliminating the frequent administration of the drug for example ocular insert. The systems generally include controlled, delayed and or sustained release bioerodible implantable elements having multiple layers of different materials and/or different concentrations of materials. The elements generally include an inner layer, or core, including a therapeutic agent, and one or more outer layers made of polymeric materials, for example substantially pure polymeric materials. In the area of topical ocular administration, important efforts concern the design and the conception of new ophthalmic drug delivery systems able to prolong the residence time. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge within this field of ocular drug delivery.

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