Abstract
Wavefront aberrations can be described as deviations of the wavefront exiting the eye froma reference wavefront that is aberration free and diffraction limited. Ocular aberrations canbe sub-categorised as lower and higher order aberrations. Ocular aberrations have promptedinterest amongst the ocular healthcare community owing to their influences on the visualfunctioning of patients as well as differences observed in ocular aberrations through the useof refractive surgery both pre- and post-operatively. Uncompensated refractive error remainsone of the most common reasons for which patients consult optometrists. Compensationof refractive error, or lower order aberrations, has become a routine procedure during anoptometric examination. However, there are some patients who experience visual symptomseven after their refractive errors have been compensated via spectacles or contact lenses.Higher-order aberrations may be the source of these visual disturbances. Refractive surgeryhas been found to influence and even induce various changes in higher-order aberrationspost-operatively, which in turn has led to increased interest in wavefront aberrations and howthe measurement of these aberrations can improve diagnosis and treatment within optometryand ophthalmology.
Highlights
IntroductionWith regard to wavefront optics, is the term used to describe the curvature of a diverging (leaving a point source) or a converging (going towards a point source) wavefront.[1]
With regard to wavefront optics, is the term used to describe the curvature of a diverging or a converging wavefront.[1]
Wavefront aberrations refer to the deviations of a wavefront exiting the pupil after progressing through the optics of the tested eye when compared to a reference wavefront that is aberration free.[2,3]
Summary
With regard to wavefront optics, is the term used to describe the curvature of a diverging (leaving a point source) or a converging (going towards a point source) wavefront.[1]. As mentioned above, are deviations of the wavefront exiting the eye from a chosen unaberrrated reference wavefront[3] and can be affected by many variables that would influence the measurement taken. Such variables for a particular eye can include tear film stability,[5] lid position,[6] pupil size, accommodation[7] and fixational eye movements,[8] to name a few. Zernike polynomials are advantageous when describing the wavefront error as their notation is specific to the aberrations they are classifying and can be expressed using either a single (Zj) or double indexing method (Znm) system. These Zernike coefficients, measured in micrometers (μm), can be converted to the clinical notation using the multiple equations below,[13] where R is the radius of the pupil at the time of the measurement:
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