Çocuklarda Postoperatif Dönemde Ağrı Tedavisinde Nonfarmakolojik Yöntemlerin Kullanımının İncelenmesi: Sistematik Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the non-pharmacological methods used by nurses in postoperative pain management in pediatric patients aged 0-18 years and the effectiveness of the methods used in reducing the level of pain.
 Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, the research population consisted of studies that were accessed from the National Thesis Center database by using the keywords "pediatric", "pain", "surgical", "postoperative", "non-pharmacological" in different combinations in the literature search and that examined non-pharmacological methods used for pain management in the postoperative period in pediatric patients between the ages of 0-18 years in the last seven years and were conducted in experimental design. This systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart steps.
 Results: A total of 1185 individuals, including 905 children and 280 parents, took part in 11 studies. The mean age of the children in the studies was 6.6 years (min-max). The most preferred scale to measure pain in the postoperative period was the Wong Baker Facial Pain Scale (7 studies). Non-pharmacologic methods used in the studies included distraction (5 studies), therapeutic play (3 studies), distraction and therapeutic play (1 study), massage therapy (1 study) and music therapy (1 study).
 Conclusion: Different non-pharmacological methods used in the postoperative period are effective in reducing pain levels in children.
 Practice implications: It is possible for pediatric nurses to use non-pharmacological methods to reduce pain in the postoperative period. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these interventions on pain.