Abstract
Study on the upper ocean is of great significance to the global climate change and carbon cycle. Lidar can be used to effectively detect depth-resolved optical properties of the ocean. However, both theory and experiment of oceanic lidar are limited by complex multiple scattering. Several progresses by Zhejiang University will be illustrated in this paper: 1) a polarized lidar system was developed, and a Monte Carlo model and a radiative transfer model were established (Zhou, et al. remote sensing, 2019; Zhou, et al. Journal of remote sensing, 2019; Xu, et al. and Liu, et al. Journal of remote sensing, 2019); 2) Cross validations are demonstrated to verify the availability of the lidar system and models (Liu, et al. IEEE TGRS, 2019); 3) phase function effects on backscatter and attenuation are studied considering multiple scattering, respectively (Liu, et al. Optics Express, 2019). Oceanic lidar is proven to have great potential in marine studies.
Highlights
Study on the upper ocean is of great significance to the global climate change and carbon cycle
The semianalytic MC algorithm refers to the method illustrated in [5], where an analytical estimate is calculated for the possibility of the collection of scattered photons at certain points
The semianalytic MC algorithm greatly improves the calculation efficiency compared with the standard MC algorithm [6]
Summary
Study on the upper ocean is of great significance to the global climate change and carbon cycle. The ocean color remote sensing based on the airplane or satellite, like SeaWiFS, is able to collect the global data over a long term efficiently. The oceanographic lidar, one of the active remote sensing methods, has been employed in detecting fisheries, phytoplankton layers and internal waves, etc., in the upper ocean [1,2,3]. Interpretation of lidar signals is not difficult under the well-known single-scattering approximation. A portion of photons that are lost in the scattering events could eventually contribute to the lidar signals through multiple scattering. It is important to quantify and analyze lidar signals with multiple scattering. Several progresses by Zhejiang University will be illustrated in this paper: 1) a polarized lidar system was developed, and a Monte Carlo model and a radiative transfer model were established; 2) Cross validations are demonstrated to verify the availability of the lidar system and models; 3) phase function effects on backscatter and attenuation are studied considering multiple scattering, respectively
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