Abstract
The presence and risk of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic environment have received global attentions recently, while the information about their transformation products (TPs) is limited. In this study, the occurrence and behavior of 40 common PhACs and TPs belong to 10 categories were investigated in the surface water of Ningbo city in China for two consecutive years. A total of 23 PhACs and TPs were detected among 20 sampling sites with the overall concentrations in the range of 77.7–742.8 ng/L. Source apportionment found that about 70% of the PhACs originated from the discharge of WWTP effluent. Caffeine and TPs 10,11-dihydroxycarbamazepine were typical indicators to differentiate unbiotreated and biotreated wastewater. CFI and fluoxetine were the pollutants with the highest risk value. The results indicated that the hydrodynamic conditions of rivers should also be considered to promote the biotic and abiotic transformation of PhACs besides pollution source control.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
