Abstract
1879-2720 leaf samples from 8-13 stations of Hungary were collected in March, April, May and June 2000-2002. <i>Drechslera tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i>, <i>Septoria tritici</i>, <i>Stagonospora nodorum</i> and <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> were found in the leaf samples. The occurrence of necrotrophic pathogens was highest (10,79%) in 2001 and lowest (2,63%) in 2002. The occurrence and rate of the necrotrophic pathogens changed significantly among years and locations. The resistance of cultivars based on natural infection could not be properly evaluated, as the level of the epidemic was mostly low and contradictory among locations. Additionally forty four cultivars were tested in Szeged after winter wheat in protected and unprotected environment. Among the necrotrophic pathogens, the dominant pathogens were <i>D. tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i> (2001 and 2002) and <i>S. nodorum</i> (2001). The differences in variety resistance were significant. The biotrophic (leaf rust, yellow rust and powdery mildew) as well as the mentioned necrotrophic pathogens caused significant yield decrease in both years. According to values of correlation coefficients, the influence of biotrophic pathogens was greater on the yield.
Highlights
The infections by D. tritici-repentis, S. tritici, S. nodorum and B. sorokiniana significantly increased due to the poor economic situation, increasing monocultural and minimum tillage practices in Hungary at the late 90s
To clarify the identification problems, describe the symptoms more precisely and characterize the resistance of cultivars we started a new project: The aims of this work: to receive data about the change of occurrence of the necrotrophic pathogens, studying resistance of the winter wheat cultivars at natural infection, studying resistance and yield reaction of the winter wheat cultivars after previous winter wheat
2.) Testing of winter wheat cultivars resistance against necrotrophic pathogens after winter wheat 44 registered cultivars were tested in the both years
Summary
The infections by D. tritici-repentis, S. tritici, S. nodorum and B. sorokiniana significantly increased due to the poor economic situation, increasing monocultural and minimum tillage practices in Hungary at the late 90s. Medium epidemic caused by S. tritici what was observed in 1996 and 1999 in the Szeged nurseries. Severe epidemics occurred only under these conditions, in the nurseries where the previous crop was canola or peas, only sporadic symptoms occurred that not allowed differentiation in resistance.
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