Abstract
To determine the occurrence of Enterobacter sakazakii and other Enerobateriaceae in commercial powdered infant formula (PIF), 185 packages of PIF from different manufacturers, supermarkets and drug-stores in Abidjan were analyzed. Ten g of sample was homogenized in 90 ml of buffered peptone water (PBW, Biorad, Paris) for further studies. Enterobacteriaceae (coliforms) were enumerated according to French Association of Standardization methods. E. sakazakii was detected according to Kandhai’s method. Bacteria were identified using API20 system. Thirty-eight samples (20.5%) were positive for Enterobacteriaceae. Twenty-four samples (13%) yielded Enterobacter sakazakii. Other Enterobacteriaceae isolated included Pantoea spp. 21 (11.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Pneumonia 8 (4.3%), Citrobacter diversus 1 (0.5%), Citrobacter freundii 1 (0.5%), Enterobacter cloacae 1 (0.5%), Salmonella reading 1 (0.5%), Serratia ficara 1 (0.5%) Serratia odorifera 1 (0.5%). This study is the first report to describe the contamination of PIF from Abidjan with E. sakazakii and several other Enterobacteriaceae that could be opportunistic pathogens. Therefore, well-controlled studies need to be conducted to assess the extent of risk associated with contaminated PIF for infants in Abidjan.
Highlights
Powdered Infant formula (PIF) is defined as powdered form specially manufactured and presented to be used by infants, either as beastmilk substitute after preparation with water or to modify prepared breastmilk substitutes or fortify human milk
This study is the first report to describe the contamination of powdered infant formula (PIF) from Abidjan with E. sakazakii and several other Enterobacteriaceae that could be opportunistic pathogens
E. sakazakii was detected in standard and no standard PIF respectively in 11.7% (21/180 and 60% (4/5) of cases (Table 2). This is the first report to describe the contamination of dehydrated powdered infant formula in Ivory Coast with E. sakazakii and several other Enterobacteriaceae that could be opportunistic pathogens
Summary
Powdered Infant formula (PIF) is defined as powdered form specially manufactured and presented to be used by infants, either as beastmilk substitute after preparation with water or to modify prepared breastmilk substitutes or fortify human milk. PIF has been used to feed millions of infants for years, and it constitutes the majority of infant formula worldwidly used. This product is formulated to mimic the nutritional profile of human breast milk [1]. Cases of invasive E. sakazakii infection have recently been added to the list of notifiable diseases in New Zealand, after the death of an infant due to E. sakazakii meningitis in July 2004 [4]. These actions highlight the importance of this opportunistic pathogen and the risk exposed to vulnerable infants
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