Occurrence of alkylphenol polyethoxylates in the St. Lawrence River and their bioconcentration by mussels ( Elliptio complanata)

Abstract

A study was conducted in 1999 to determine the occurrence of alkylphenol polyethoxylates in the St. Lawrence River and their bioconcentration by mussels ( Elliptio complanata). Concentrations of selected contaminants were measured in surface water, municipal effluent, sediments and mussels. Analyses were performed on 4- tert-octylphenol (4- t-OP), 4- n-nonylphenol (4- n-NP), nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NP 1–16EO), nonylphenol-mono and di-ethoxycarboxylic acids (NP 1EC and NP 2EC), and octylphenol-mono and di-ethoxycarboxylic acids (OP 1EC and OP 2EC). Mussels ( Elliptio complanata) taken from a reference lake were placed in cages and submerged for 62 days at two sites in the St. Lawrence River, 1.5 km upstream and 5 km downstream of the outfall of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The results showed that many of the target chemicals were present in all matrices studied: in water, at ppt and ppb levels, and reaching ppm levels in sediments and mussels. Concentrations of these contaminants were higher in matrices sampled at the downstream site than in those drawn at the site upstream of the Montreal effluent outfall, especially in sediments. Likewise, the slight, but not significant, bioconcentration of certain alkylphenol polyethoxylates (AP n EO) in the mussels was more noticeable at the downstream site than at the upstream site.