Occupational Segregation Based on Gender and Wage Inequality by Education, Age and Mobility (South Sumatra, Indonesia)

Arika Kurniawan,А Yunisvita,А Azwardi

doi:10.18184/2079-4665.2021.12.2.182-196

Arika Kurniawan, А Yunisvita + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2021.12.2.182-196

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Abstract

Purpose:this study measures gender segregation by occupations and wage inequality based on overall segregation, vertical segregation, andhorizontal segregation in terms of labour supply, namely differences in wages, hours of work, age, level of education, and mobility (rural andurban) in South Sumatra Province in 2019.Methods:the data used in this study are secondary data sourced from the 2019 South Sumatra Province Labour Force Survey (SAK19.AK) whichis limited to individuals aged 15 to 64 who are currently working, namely as many as 10,429 individuals, of whom 6,873 men and 3,556 women.Classification of the main occupations using quantitative analysis techniques, namely measuring segregation is based on the overall, verticaland horizontal dimensions based on the Gini coefficient, Somer D Statistic, and Pythagorean Theorem.Results:(1) Women are more segregated based on the main occupations, especially jobs with high social stratification and wage groups. (2)Women have more advantages in workplaces with low social stratification and higher education categories. (3) There is no wage inequalitybased on the main occupations, education, age, and mobility.Conclusions and Relevance:the results of the study prove that there is high segregation based on wage groups and educational composition.Women emphasize increasing education because based on vertical segregation, women with higher education level advantage more and theyoccupy jobs that are equal to men based on wage stratification.

Highlights

The economic condition of South Sumatra Province is experiencing a positive trend, based on an increase in the GDP growth rate during the 2016–2018, but in 2020 the growth rate has decreased to -1,24 percent
The segregation analysis based on the main occupations summarizes the overall segregation conditions based on the main occupations according to gender classifications including several determining components, namely working hours, age, education, and area of residence
This study focuses on conditions of segregation and inequality of workers' wages in South Sumatra Province based on overall, vertical, and horizontal dimensions in terms of eight main occupations

Summary

Introduction

The economic condition of South Sumatra Province is experiencing a positive trend, based on an increase in the GDP growth rate during the 2016–2018, but in 2020 the growth rate has decreased to -1,24 percent. The problem of segregation has been discussed in various literature studies, especially related to segregation based on demographic characteristics, especially the grouping of women and men in certain occupations (Mandel, 2018; 2013) This pattern of segregation is discussed by Yunisvita & Muhyiddin (2020), who define the regional segregation as a structure of gender inequality segregation (Blackburn et al, 2001). According to Gedikli (2020) increasing female labor force participation is considered as the indirect way to create a job structure because the occupations are inseparable from gender conditions in occupying certain jobs. The employment phenomenon in South Sumatra Province is still dominated by men and leads to a gender gap in the labor market (Indonesian Statistics Agency, 2020a)

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Results

Conclusion