ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ: ГЕНДЕРНІ АСПЕКТИ

Abstract

This study aims to summarize the trends inherent in the Ukrainian labor market in order to highlight the problems of gender inequality in wages and identify barriers to women's entry into high-paying positions. The article analyzes the distribution of employment and unemployment rate by age groups of the population, reveals the patterns of influence of gender on the distribution of the employed and unemployed. In particular, the greatest gender inequality was noted among young people and the older age group. The study also summarizes the problems of gender differentiation in wages in terms of various types of economic activity. The activities with the largest pay gap among women and men are highlighted, which include financial activities, arts, sports, entertainment and recreation, industry, transport, agriculture and trade. The attention is focused on the presence of the phenomenon of the so-called vertical segregation in the labor market of Ukraine and the barriers that women face when looking for a better paid job are described. The level of gender differentiation of wages in the regions of Ukraine was also investigated and the regularity of the growth of such differentiation depending on the types of activity was confirmed. The problems that aggravate gender inequality in the labor market of Ukraine are generalized. In particular, emphasis was placed on the lack of sufficient legislative initiatives that would facilitate the rights of employed women, who must balance work and family. The regulation of legislation that will provide the possibility of alternative forms of employment, namely part-time or remote employment, will help to reduce the disparity in the representation of women and men in the labor market in Ukraine. A similar effect can also be achieved by developing effective programs to support women's self-employment in small and medium-sized enterprises, encouraging participation in grant projects or social activities. These legislative and program initiatives will reduce gender inequality, vertical and horizontal segregation, and break down stereotypes about the division of spheres of life and activities into "women's" and "men's".