Occlusal load and biomechanics of implant-supported fixed partial dentures: bone stress analysis

Abstract

Osseointegration emerged in the 1950s, created by Per-Ingvar Branemark, when it was conceptualized as an intimate connection between the implant and the surrounding bone, and with this discovery, it was proposed as a treatment for total or partial edentulism. implants supported. Excessive loads generated by poor adjustment of occlusal forces are recurrent and common, and may generate resorption in the supporting bone; in situations of excess occlusal load, when these loads are distributed at different intensities, on different dental occlusal tables, could this be a reason for the failure of implant-supported rehabilitation? What about the absence of occlusal loading? Could this be a reason for the failure of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation? What will be the way to avoid exacerbated stress on occlusal tables, leading to a better generation of treatment prognosis, especially in cases of Fixed Partial Dentures (FPD) with suspended artificial teeth? This study aims, using the finite element methodology, to build a clinical situation of an implant-supported partial denture (FPD) of fixation of 3 elements of regular length, where the location of the occlusal loads (newtons) (total 750N) in the (FPD) ( Fixed Partial Denture) defined in the experimental groups, with higher loads being selected on the occlusal surface of the molar tooth in relation to the premolar, and with different occlusal forces on adjacent teeth, according to an occlusal load proposed in the research. Thus, the occlusal load was distributed, in different intensities, between each tooth of the CAD (Computer Aided Design) model. The biomechanical behavior and stresses of the fragile structures analyzed vary according to the occlusal load exerted and, therefore, controlling such occlusal loads is very relevant. The tensions are always greater and more evident in the posterior regions, whether in the cortical bone or in the medullary bone, especially when occlusal loads are applied unevenly with overload on the posterior elements of the fixed partial denture; therefore, one should always try to preserve these more distal elements.