Abstract
The optimal conditions for the isolation of valuable natural biopolymers were revealed. chitosan from cysts of Artemia parthenogenetia in the Aral Sea and from pupae of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Chitosan (Chs) was obtained from cysts of A. parthenogenetia with a molecular weight of 89 kDa, degree of deacetylation (DDA)— 72% and solubility— 81.62%. It has been shown that it is possible to isolate Chs from silkworm pupae of sufficient purity with different molecular weights and DDA depending on the synthesis conditions and the degree of purification. Bombyx mori Chs has a higher molecular weight of 100–160 kDa, a high DDA— up to 90% and a solubility of 88%. IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis have shown the purity of the isolated Chs from various sources. In chitin from A. parthenogenetia cysts of the Aral Sea, two types of modifications α and β with corresponding syngonies are observed, which confirms its polymorphic structure. The antibacterial activity of B. mori Chs has been shown, which tends to expand the spectrum of suppressed bacteria with increasing concentration and have a bactericidal effect on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Chs B. mori had an immunostimulating effect on living organisms, which allows us to recommend drugs based on Chs to strengthen the immune system.
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