Abstract
This paper takes 31 provinces in China as the research object and constructs an evaluation index system for the well-being of the elderly in four aspects (health well-being, income well-being, social well-being and educational well-being) and uses a set-pair analysis model to spatially measure the well-being of the elderly. Then, barrier analysis is used to identify the main factors that lead to the differences in the well-being levels of the elderly in different regions. The results show that: (1) The provinces with higher levels of well-being of the elderly are mainly concentrated in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Pearl River Delta region, Yangtze River Delta region and Bohai Sea Rim region. (2) The differences in income well-being levels are the largest among provinces, and the differences in health levels are the smallest among provinces. (3) Analysis of the barriers to elderly well-being shows that the number of beds per 1000 population in health care facilities, elderly dependency ratio, number of higher education schools for adults, number of nursing homes and urban road area per capita are the main factors affecting the differences in the well-being levels of elderly people across provinces. Finally, policy recommendations are made to introduce localized policies for the elderly in China to continuously promote solutions to the problems of the elderly.
Highlights
The number of people aged 65 and over in the world in 2020 was 723 million, accounting for 9.3% of the world’s total population
From the perspective of ensuring the interests and sustainable development of the elderly, how to make the elderly obtain opportunities for health, security and participation as much as possible, improve the well-being of the elderly and promote active aging has become the focus of society
The well-being of the elderly is the development of an environment that provides solutions to the problems of life for older people
Summary
The number of people aged 65 and over in the world in 2020 was 723 million, accounting for 9.3% of the world’s total population. The evaluation includes economic indicators such as income and consumption, social indicators such as culture, transport, education and health and environmental indicators such as atmosphere, water bodies and greenery conditions It analyzes the influencing factors of the well-being of the elderly, including the role of the social welfare system for the elderly, urban–rural dual structure and social security system at the macro-level [23]; at the micro-level, it mainly studies the individual’s gender, age, education level, marital status, living situation, income level, participation in social activities, hobbies, psychological status, social support and other aspects of comprehensive research [24,25]. It is urgent to build a scientific spatial assessment index system for well-being and to use scientific methods to measure the level of well-being so as to analyze more accurately the level of well-being of older people in each province and to introduce relevant policies for the elderly in accordance with local conditions and to continuously promote a step-by-step solution to the elderly problem
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