Observations of Pre-Rutting Behavior in Newfoundland Moose

Abstract

Except for occasional groupings of animals during the winter months, moose are not considered to be a particularly gregarious species. Peterson (1955) believes the gregarious instinct to be less developed in moose than in any other North American hoofed wild animal. Hosley (1949) states that the gregarious instinct is feeble. For this reason, the following data, obtained during a study of Newfoundland moose in 1953, are of especial interest. Behavior observed during these observations suggested the establishment of a breeding status in male moose prior to the rut. During this period, groups of from three to ten animals were commonly observed. The breeding status appeared to be formulated in three steps: (1) grouping of male animals, (2) belligerent action, (3) acceptance of status. I am indebted to Mr. D. H. Pimlott and Dr. O. H. Hewitt, without whose assistance the study could not have been accomplished. Mr. Robert Folker helped considerably throughout the study period and made many of the observations. Study area and methods .—The study area of 2.3 square miles was located approximately 15 miles south and east of Badger in central Newfoundland. It was partially burned in 1943 and again in 1950. Most of the area was cut prior to the 1943 burn. Movements and behavior of the animals were studied by observation from four rock hills within the study area. With the aid of 7×50 binoculars and a 20× scope, moose were observed and identified with comparative ease throughout the burned area. Early morning and late evening lookout periods were kept between June 20 and September 22. Occasional midday lookout periods were also made and a few animals were observed in the field during the course of the food habits portion of the study. A total of 816 observations was made. First indications of breeding behavior …