Abstract
The trichothecenes produced by solid and liquid cultures of Fusarium sporotrichioides were evaluated with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Along with the expected T-2 toxin HT-2 toxin and neosolaniol, two additional compounds were detected, which had ions 162 m/z higher than those in the mass spectra of T-2 toxin or HT-2 toxin. Fragmentation behavior of these two compounds was similar to that of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin. Based on LC-MS/MS behavior, it is proposed that the two compounds are T-2 toxin 3-O-glucoside and HT-2 toxin 3-O-glucoside. Production of the two glucosides was measured in kernels from wheat and oat inoculated with F. sporotrichiodes, as well as in cultures grown in liquid media and on cracked corn or rice. Production of glucosides in wheat and oats suggest that they may also be present in naturally contaminated cereals.
Highlights
T-2 toxin (Figure 1a) is one of a group of trichothecene mycotoxins produced by various species of Fusaria, including Fusarium sporotrichioides
Production of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin by the F. sporotrichioides isolates was confirmed by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)
While the investigation of ―hidden‖ mycotoxins has progressed in recent years, it appears that more of these compounds still remain to be characterized
Summary
T-2 toxin (Figure 1a) is one of a group of trichothecene mycotoxins produced by various species of Fusaria, including Fusarium sporotrichioides. These fungi are routinely found on commodities such as wheat, maize, oats, barley, and rice. The toxicological effects of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin have been summarized in reports by the Joint Food and Agricultural Organization/World. Health Organization (FAO/WHO) Expert Committee on Food Additives and the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology [2,3]. T-2 toxin is a potent inhibitor of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and shows immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects both in vivo and in vitro [4].
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