Obesity in the Balinese is associated with FTO rs9939609 and rs1421085 single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Lidwina Priliani,Rini Puspitaningrum,Hazrina T Nussa,Ketut Suastika,Clarissa A Febinia,Anom Bowolaksono,Ria Hasnita,Rut C Inggriani,Sukma Oktavianthi,Rully A Nugroho,Safarina G Malik

doi:10.7717/peerj.8327

Abstract

Obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide, including in the Bali Province, Indonesia, a popular tourism destination area. The common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs9939609 and rs1421085 of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been repeatedly reported as one of the important obesity genetic risk factors. We have examined the associations of FTO rs9939609 and rs1421085 SNPs with obesity in the 612 unrelated Balinese subjects living in urban and rural areas. Linear and logistic regression analyses with adjustment for age and gender were employed to investigate the association between FTO genotypes, haplotypes and obesity parameters. We found that the FTO SNPs genotypes increased BMI by 1.25 kg/m2 (p = 0.012) for rs9939609 AA and 1.12 kg/m2 (p = 0.022) for rs1421085 CC, particularly in females and in rural population. Subjects carrying these genotypes also showed a tendency to maintain high BMI, regardless of their age. Our result showed that the FTO rs9939609 and rs1421085 risk alleles were associated with increased BMI and obesity in the Balinese.

Highlights

Rapid transitions in lifestyle and diet towards excessive consumption of energy-dense food and reduction of physical activity result in rising obesity prevalence worldwide (World Health Organization, 2018)
We examined the association of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9939609 and rs1421085 with obesity in Balinese of the Bali Province, Indonesia
The Balinese showed an elevated mean of obesity parameters (BMI 24.0 ± 4.83 kg/m2; waist circumference (WC) 83.9 ± 11.6 cm; waist to height ratio (WHtR) 0.53 ± 0.07)

Summary

Introduction

Rapid transitions in lifestyle and diet towards excessive consumption of energy-dense food and reduction of physical activity result in rising obesity prevalence worldwide (World Health Organization, 2018). According to the National Basic Health Survey, obesity prevalence in Indonesia increases by 4.3% from 2007 to 2013, and 7% from 2013 to 2018, respectively (RISKESDAS, 2007, 2013, 2018). As a known leading risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases (such as hypertension, type two diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver, stroke, and some types of cancers), obesity contributes. As the risk of these chronic diseases increases, quality of life decreases and health care costs escalate (Withrow & Alter, 2011; Cawley & Meyerhoefer, 2012)

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