Abstract
Obesity is a serious public health problem, especially in some minority communities, and it has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. While obesity is a serious health concern in both American Indian and Mexican American populations, the relationship between obesity and cardiac autonomic control in these two populations is not well understood. The present study in a selected sample of American Indians and Mexican Americans assessed associations between obesity, blood pressure (BP), and cardiovascular autonomic control. Cardiovascular autonomic control, systolic and diastolic mean BP, and body mass index were obtained from one hundred thirty-two American Indian and Mexican American men and women who are literate in English and are residing legally in San Diego County. Men had a significant greater systolic and diastolic BP and were more likely to develop systolic prehypertension and hypertension than women. Obese participants showed greater mean heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic BP than nonobese participants. Obese men also exhibited greater cardiac sympathetic activity and lower cardiovagal control than obese women. These results suggest that obesity and gender differences in cardiovascular autonomic control may contribute to risk for cardiovascular disorders in this sample of American Indians and Mexican Americans.
Highlights
The prevalence of obesity in American Indians is high and is generally associated with insulin resistance and diabetes [1,2,3], but generally only in the past few generations [4]
Results from this study showed that LF-heart rate variability (HRV) significantly positively correlated with all measures of cardiovagal control (RSA, RMSSD, pNN50, HF-HRV, and HR response to deep breathing (HRDB)), and overall HRV (SDNN), negatively correlated with mean heart rate (HR) and did not correlate with cardiac sympathetic index (CSI)
These findings suggest that cardiovagal control appears to play a more significant influence over the LF-HRV power (0.04–0.12 Hz) than cardiosympathetic control in the sample assessed in the present study
Summary
The prevalence of obesity in American Indians is high and is generally associated with insulin resistance and diabetes [1,2,3], but generally only in the past few generations [4]. This increase in the incidence of obesity in American Indians may be due in part to the relative abundance of high fat, high calorie food, and a shift from an active to a more sedentary lifestyle [2]. These findings suggest that obesity is a serious health concern in both American Indian and Mexican American groups
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