Abstract
Uncontrolled diabetes raises the risk of many noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Sufficient intake of dietary fiber facilitates glycemic control and reduces the health risks associated with diabetes. Oat β-glucan is one such dietary fiber known to lower cholesterol; however, its ability to improve glycemic control remains to be determined. This review explores the effect of oat β-glucan on glycemic control in relation to prebiotic activity among patients with type 2 diabetes. There are data to support the idea that intake of 2–3 g of oat β-glucan can reduce HbA1c by 0.5%, whereas 1 g of oat β-glucan reduces postprandial glucose by 7%. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Bifidobacteria, Roseburia, and butyrate-producing bacteria were increased after oat β-glucan consumption, which might be responsible for the regulation of glycemic control. Additionally, oat β-glucan intake is known to increase the levels of short-chain fatty acids in the circulation, resulting in greater feelings of fullness and satiety.
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