Abstract

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p19Baleias, apesar de estarem entre os seres mais majestosos, misteriosos, poderosos e inteligentes do nosso planeta, são profundamente ameaçadas. O direito internacional já há algum tempo tenta protegê-las da extinção. Este trabalho aborda o estatuto jurídico das baleias e argumenta que elas devem ser consideradas criaturas com direitos e não simplesmente commodities. Atualmente, o direito internacional não reconhece as baleias como criaturas com direitos. Organizações internacionais, particularmente a Comissão Baleeira Internacional (CIB) e seu documento de fundação, a Convenção Internacional para a Regulação da Atividade Baleeira (CIRB), estão centradas na questão da caça excessiva e permitiram exceções a padrões habituais, baseados tanto nas supostas necessidades de pesquisa científica (no caso do Japão) como na reivindicação de práticas culturais (no caso dos grupos indígenas do Ártico).

Highlights

  • Whales, among our planet’s most majestic, mysterious, powerful, and intelligent beings, are profoundly endangered

  • International law has for some time attempted to protect them from extinction

  • Our paper addresses the legal status of whales and argues that they should be regarded as creatures with rights, not as commodities

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Summary

Marine Mammals: moral and legal status

We have explored the moral basis of animal entitlements, in the context of evolving legal debates about whether animals can be granted “standing” to approach a court of law (through an advocate, as is the case with human with severe disabilities)[1]. Many animal rights activists have urged that the best basis for legal (and moral) standing for animals is suffering, an approach that can be traced to Jeremy Bentham, the founder of Utilitarianism. We argue that the best philosophical approach to these issues is an analysis of animal lives in terms of a range of distinct but related capabilities, intertwined into a form of life. This approach, has never been accepted in either domestic or international law, despite years of argument by environmental groups urging courts to treat marine mammals as creatures with moral and legal rights

Whaling: the cultural exception
The case of Bowhead Whales in Alaska
What’s Wrong with the Appeal to Culture?
The Right of Whales to Life
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