Nutritional Status of Children and Adolescents with Type1 Diabetes Mellitus in Basra

Ban Dohan,Sawsan Habib,Abbas Abd Khazal

doi:10.33762/mjbu.2021.127780.1027

Abstract

Background: Growth problems represent an important complication in children and adolescent with Type1 diabetes mellitus and poor metabolic control seems to impact their growth velocity. Aim: to assess the nutritional status in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, in relation to selected patients' variables. Methods: a case-control study has been carried out to assess the nutritional status of sixty-one patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus; and eighty-two age and sex matched healthy children as control group; their ages ranged from 3-14 year, from the 1st of October 2016 till 15th of March 2017. Results: The mean age of diabetic patients was (10.3±3.02) years; (60.66%) belong to large family size with low education. Diabetic patients significantly belong to families with poor financial support and income in (45.9%) compared to the control group (26.8%) (p value 0.02), as well as those undernourished diabetic children significantly belongs to families with poor income than those with normal nutritional status (75%, 38%) respectively. Body mass index was significantly below 5th percentile in diabetic patients than the controls (19.68 %, 2.4 %) respectively; P value 0.001. History of inadequate dietary intake was recorded in 66.67% of patients; significantly related to undernutrition in diabetics patients than controls (P value 0.002). Undernutrition in diabetic children significantly associated with poor glycemic control with significantly high level of HbA1c (13.9±9.57) than those without undernutrition (10.6±5.28) respectively. Conclusions: Frequent evaluation of diabetic children is required to overcome the problem of undernutrition in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Type1diabetes; Nutritional status; Children; Basra

Highlights

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a syndrome of disordered metabolism due to an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin which resulted into inappropriate hyperglycemia
The growth parameter as weight for age (WFA), height for age (HFA), and body mass index (BMI) were significantly below 5thpercentile in diabetic children than control group, Body mass index (BMI) which is considered as indicator of undernutrition show statistically significant results with P value (0.001)
(18) Socioeconomic status of studied patients reveals that poor financial support and poor living conditions with regard to access to food and health care is an important factor determine their nutritional status; that’s against Manal et al study who reported that 60% of diabetic patients belong to high income families

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of disordered metabolism due to an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin which resulted into inappropriate hyperglycemia. [4] the association among glycemic control and skeletal growth is unreliable and many kids with seemingly marginal control appear to grow well. Such patients are able to reach normal intracellular nutrition despite apparent hypo-insulinemia. [5] Factors affecting growth include: gender, genetic, age at diagnosis, diabetes duration, puberty, metabolic control, and status of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and psychosocial factors. That advancement in improving glycemic control in diabetes will improve growth in these children. [5] Factors affecting growth include: gender, genetic, age at diagnosis, diabetes duration, puberty, metabolic control, and status of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and psychosocial factors. [6]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion