Nutritional profiling of microfungi and its effects on the growth performance, bacterial communities, and survival with Vibrio harveyi on white shrimp post-larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Abstract

We evaluated seven microfungi isolated from rivers or streams in Indonesia for a nutritional profile including protein, lipid, amino acids, fatty acids, and beta-glucan, i.e., Trichoderma harzianum, Macrophoma theicola, Trichoderma lentiforme, Trichoderma hamatum, Mucor circinelloides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Fusarium oxysporum. All isolates had relatively high nutritional content, where the proteins ranging from 31.56–45.58%, lipids 2.22–6.54%, amino acids 11.023–18.881 g/100 g, fatty acids 1.094–5.253%, and beta-glucan 0.170–0.280 g/dry weight. The most amino acids were glutamic acid, lysine, and leucine, while fatty acids were oleic acid (C 18:1ω9C), linoleic acid (C18:2ω6), and linolenic acid (C 18:3ω3 and ω6). Moreover, we have conducted a 14-day feeding trial on white shrimp post-larvae (PL-10) with two isolates of microfungi and their combination, including M. circinelloides and T. harzianum. Finally, the results indicated that T. harzianum fed with 0.5% and 1.5% could improve white shrimp post-larvae survival and growth performance. It was found that two dominant bacteria were Gordonia polyisoprenivorans and Croceibacter atlanticus. The cumulative mortality rate was not significant from the challenge trial with Vibrio harveyi (p > 0.05). However, further in-depth investigation needs to be conducted, and some microfungi contain anti-nutrients that can affect growth.