Nutritional, Functional, Physical, and Microstructural Properties of Ethiopian Emmer Wheat (Triticum dicoccum L.) Varieties as Affected by Growing Seasons and Grain Types (Hulled and Dehulled)

Bethlehem Melese,Zewdie Bishaw,Solomon Workneh Fanta,Neela Satheesh,Marina Carcea

doi:10.1155/2022/9493270

Bethlehem Melese, Zewdie Bishaw + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9493270

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Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the growing seasons, grain types, and varieties on physical, proximate, functional, mineral, vitamins, amino acids, and microstructural properties of Ethiopian emmer wheat. One local landrace and three improved emmer wheat varieties (Hydroo, Sinana 01, and Lameso) grown during Meher and Belg seasons and grain types (hulled and dehulled) were used for analysis. The study showed that dehulled Sinana 01 variety from Belg season had the highest (17.82%) protein content. Varieties grown in Belg season showed the highest mineral compositions. The essential amino acids in emmer wheat were higher in the hulled grain type grown in Meher season. The highest vitamin B1 (0.17 mg/g), B2 (0.35 mg/g), and B6 (5.52 mg/g) contents were observed in hulled emmer wheat types grown in Meher season. The study concluded that seasonal variation, grain types, and varieties have a great effect on the proximate, physical, and functional properties of emmer wheat cultivated in Ethiopia.

Highlights

Wheat is an important food crop cultivated worldwide for human consumption providing energy and vital nutrients
Meher is the main rainy season; it covers the period from May to September. is season is associated with frequent rain and homogeneous temperatures mainly in July and August. e mean maximum temperature is 26oC. e magnitude of rainfall is higher as compared to the Belg season. e predominant soil types at SARC are Phaeozems and Cambisols with minor occurrence of Vertisols. e soils are deep, fine textured, and have aggregated soil structure with good porosity
analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the interaction of grain types, growing seasons, and varieties had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect on thousand grain weight (TGW) (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Wheat is an important food crop cultivated worldwide for human consumption providing energy and vital nutrients. Emmer wheat was the earliest domesticated species [2] and the principal wheat type of the ancient world including Europe during the Neolithic and early Bronze ages. At the beginning of the twentieth century, emmer wheat was mostly replaced by improved bread and durum wheat varieties due to the threshing problems and lower yields [3]. Emmer wheat has covered only 1% of the total wheat area in the world and is cultivated mainly in Ethiopia, Iran, India, Eastern Turkey, Italy, Spain, and Central Europe. It is still considered an important crop in India, Ethiopia, and Yemen [3]

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